![]() The small size of typical 18th century orreries limited their impact, and towards the end of that century a number of educators attempted to create a larger sized version. The device was operated internally with a spinnable table that rotated the tent. In 1229, following the conclusion of the Fifth Crusade, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen brought back a tent with scattered holes representing stars or planets. In fact, many planetariums today have projection orreries, which project onto the dome the Solar System (including the Sun and planets up to Saturn) in their regular orbital paths. These devices would today usually be referred to as orreries (named for the Earl of Orrery). The Globe of Gottorf built around 1650 had constellations painted on the inside. Campanus of Novara described a planetary equatorium in his Theorica Planetarum, and included instructions on how to build one. The discovery of the Antikythera mechanism proved that such devices already existed during antiquity, though likely after Archimedes' lifetime. The ancient Greek polymath Archimedes is attributed with creating a primitive planetarium device that could predict the movements of the Sun and the Moon and the planets. ![]()
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